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Linux distributions

A Linux distribution packages the Linux kernel with software, a package manager and usually a desktop. They differ in who they're designed for, how often they update and how you install software.

Popular distributions

Information links to each project's official website and documentation.

Ubuntu (no logo available)

Ubuntu

A popular general-purpose Linux distribution for desktops, development, servers and the cloud.

Family
Debian
Package manager
APT
Releases
Regular releases every six months, with long-term support (LTS) releases every two years.
Typical use
Desktop, development, servers and general-purpose Linux
Debian (no logo available)

Debian

A long-established, community-run distribution known for stability.

Family
Debian
Package manager
APT
Releases
A stable release alongside testing and unstable branches for newer software.
Typical use
Servers, stable desktops and a base for other distributions
Linux Mint (no logo available)

Linux Mint

A beginner-friendly desktop distribution with a familiar layout.

Family
Debian (based on Ubuntu)
Package manager
APT
Releases
Based on Ubuntu's long-term support (LTS) releases.
Typical use
Everyday desktop use and switching from Windows
Fedora (no logo available)

Fedora

A community distribution with up-to-date software, sponsored by Red Hat.

Family
Fedora
Package manager
DNF
Releases
Regular fixed releases, roughly every six months.
Typical use
Development, recent software and modern desktops
Arch Linux (no logo available)

Arch Linux

A minimal, rolling-release distribution you build up yourself.

Family
Arch
Package manager
pacman
Releases
Rolling release.
Typical use
Customised systems for experienced users
Manjaro (no logo available)

Manjaro

An Arch-based distribution with graphical installers and ready-made desktops.

Family
Arch (based on Arch Linux)
Package manager
pacman
Releases
Rolling release, with Manjaro's own tested repositories.
Typical use
Up-to-date desktops with an easier Arch-based setup
Pop!_OS (no logo available)

Pop!_OS

An Ubuntu-based distribution from System76, popular with developers and gamers.

Family
Debian (based on Ubuntu)
Package manager
APT
Releases
Based on Ubuntu releases.
Typical use
Development, gaming and tiling-focused productivity
openSUSE (no logo available)

openSUSE

A community project offering the rolling Tumbleweed and the regular-release Leap.

Family
openSUSE
Package manager
zypper
Releases
Tumbleweed is a rolling release; Leap has regular releases.
Typical use
Desktops, servers and system administration
Zorin OS (no logo available)

Zorin OS

An Ubuntu-based distribution designed to feel familiar to Windows and macOS users.

Family
Debian (based on Ubuntu)
Package manager
APT
Releases
Based on Ubuntu's long-term support (LTS) releases.
Typical use
Switching from Windows or macOS
elementary OS (no logo available)

elementary OS

An Ubuntu-based distribution with its own carefully designed Pantheon desktop.

Family
Debian (based on Ubuntu)
Package manager
APT
Releases
Based on Ubuntu's long-term support (LTS) releases.
Typical use
A simple, design-focused desktop
Kali Linux (no logo available)

Kali Linux

A specialist Debian-based distribution for penetration testing, security research and digital forensics.

Family
Debian
Package manager
APT
Releases
Rolling release (kali-rolling), with periodic snapshot images.
Typical use
Authorised penetration testing, security research and forensics
Parrot OS (no logo available)

Parrot OS

A Debian-based distribution with editions for security work and everyday privacy-focused use.

Family
Debian
Package manager
APT
Typical use
Security work and privacy-focused desktops
Rocky Linux (no logo available)

Rocky Linux

A community enterprise distribution compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Family
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (compatible))
Package manager
DNF
Releases
Follows Red Hat Enterprise Linux releases, with long support periods.
Typical use
Enterprise servers and RHEL-compatible workloads
AlmaLinux (no logo available)

AlmaLinux

A community enterprise distribution compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Family
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (compatible))
Package manager
DNF
Releases
Follows Red Hat Enterprise Linux releases, with long support periods.
Typical use
Enterprise servers and RHEL-compatible workloads

Not sure which to choose?

If you're new to Linux, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Zorin OS are common starting points. Developers often choose Fedora, Ubuntu or Pop!_OS. For servers, Debian, Ubuntu LTS and the RHEL-compatible Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux are widely used. Kali Linux and Parrot OS are specialist security distributions rather than everyday desktops. See how Linux package managers differ.